Multi-task learning (MTL) is a learning paradigm to learn multiple related tasks simultaneously with a single shared network where each task has a distinct personalized header network for fine-tuning. MTL can be integrated into a federated learning (FL) setting if tasks are distributed across clients and clients have a single shared network, leading to personalized federated learning (PFL). To cope with statistical heterogeneity in the federated setting across clients which can significantly degrade the learning performance, we use a distributed dynamic weighting approach. To perform the communication between the remote parameter server (PS) and the clients efficiently over the noisy channel in a power and bandwidth-limited regime, we utilize over-the-air (OTA) aggregation and hierarchical federated learning (HFL). Thus, we propose hierarchical over-the-air (HOTA) PFL with a dynamic weighting strategy which we call HOTA-FedGradNorm. Our algorithm considers the channel conditions during the dynamic weight selection process. We conduct experiments on a wireless communication system dataset (RadComDynamic). The experimental results demonstrate that the training speed with HOTA-FedGradNorm is faster compared to the algorithms with a naive static equal weighting strategy. In addition, HOTA-FedGradNorm provides robustness against the negative channel effects by compensating for the channel conditions during the dynamic weight selection process.

虽然考试风格的问题是一家提供各种目的的基本型教育工具，但有问题的手动构建是一个复杂的过程，需要培训，经验和资源。为减少与人工建设相关的开支并满足不需要持续供应新问题，可以使用自动问题（QG）技术。但是，与自动问题应答（QA）相比，QG是一个更具挑战性的任务。在这项工作中，我们在QA，QG的多任务设置中微调多语言T5（MT5）变压器，并使用土耳其QA DataSet回答提取任务。据我们所知，这是第一个尝试从土耳其语文本执行自动文本到文本问题的学术工作。评估结果表明，拟议的多任务设置达到了最先进的土耳其语问题应答和问题绩效，而不是TQuadv1，TQuadv2数据集和XQuad土耳其分裂。源代码和预先训练的模型可在https://github.com/obss/turkish-question-generation中获得。

在本文中，我们提出了一种设计用于图形域的域适配算法。给定具有许多标记节点的源图和具有少数或没有标记节点的目标图，我们的目标是通过利用两个图表上标签函数的变化的特征之间的相似性来估计目标标签。我们对源和目标域的假设是标签函数的本地行为，例如图表上的速度和变化的变化速度，在两个图形之间存在相似之处。我们通过求解标签信息基于之前的标签函数的投影在源图和目标图之间类似地将标签信息从源图传输到目标图来求解从源图到目标图的优化问题来估计未知的目标标签。为了有效地捕获图形上标签函数的局部变化，光谱图小波用作图形基础。与参考域适配方法相比，各种数据集的实验表明，该方法产生了相当令人满意的分类精度。